\u201cTo understand the magnitude of this discovery, you can imagine that the periodic table suddenly gained a third dimension. The properties of an element are not only affected by the number of electron shells and how many electrons are in the outer shell but, at the nano level, size also matters.\"<\/em>\u201d <\/em>Source :<\/em> Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Based on \u201cquantum dots\u201d<\/strong> crystals that have a size relationship with standard crystals equivalent to the size relationship of a soccer ball and the earth. In fact, a nanometer compared to a meter is like comparing an apple to our planet.<\/p>\n\n\n For many years \u201cquantum\u201d phenomena in the nano technological world were a prediction. Now they are a reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nuestro reconocimiento a los galardonados de 2023 y a sus predecesores que tambi\u00e9n ganaron el premio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica en 2014 y 2016, por haber hecho pr\u00e1ctica la fundamental promesa de las nanopart\u00edculas en una multiplicidad de \u00e1mbitos y nuestras m\u00e1s avanzadas nanotecnolog\u00edas comprometidas con la salud y el medioambiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHay mucho espacio en el fondo: una invitaci\u00f3n para entrar en un nuevo campo de la f\u00edsica\u201d fue una conferencia pronunciada por el f\u00edsico Richard Feynman<\/a>1965 Nobel Laureate in Physics, at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society<\/a> celebrada en Caltech el 29 de diciembre de 1959. Feynman<\/strong> considered the possibility of directly manipulating individual atoms as a more robust form of synthetic chemistry than those used until then.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cNo me asusta considerar la pregunta final de si, pr\u00f3ximamente, en el futuro, podremos colocar los \u00e1tomos como queramos: \u00a1los verdaderos \u00e1tomos, aquellos que est\u00e1n al fondo! Y \u00bfcu\u00e1les ser\u00edan las propiedades de los materiales si pudi\u00e9ramos verdaderamente colocarlos como quisi\u00e9ramos? No puedo saber exactamente qu\u00e9 pasar\u00eda, pero no tengo la menor duda de que si lleg\u00e1ramos a controlar la colocaci\u00f3n de objetos a una peque\u00f1a escala, tendr\u00edamos acceso a un amplio rango de propiedades que los materiales pueden presentar y podr\u00edamos hacer una gran cantidad de cosas.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nRichard Feynman<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n It was in 1974 when N.Taniguchi, Tokyo University, first coined the term nanotechnology as the next technological discovery that would give us the opportunity to separate, consolidate and deform materials, atom by atom or molecule by molecule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field. Scientists are discovering that atoms and molecules behave differently at the nanoscale, and scientists and engineers alike are having great success making materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of improved properties (higher strength, lower weight, higher electrical conductivity and chemical reactivity) compared to their larger scale counterparts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At the nanoscale level, materials acquire quantum properties, but the effects of their surface, volume or edge effects also change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When particles with dimensions of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers are created, material properties can change significantly from those at larger scales. This is the size scale where quantum effects can govern the behavior and properties of particles. A fascinating and powerful result of nanoscale quantum effects is the concept of \u201ctunability\u201d of properties. That is, by changing the size of the particle, a scientist can literally tune a material property of interest. At the nanoscale, properties such as melting point, fluorescence, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, and chemical reactivity can change as a function of particle size. Source (US GOV. Nanotechnology Initiative)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It is the scale at which surface behavior plays a more important role. Nanoscale materials have a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than standard-scale materials. As surface area per volume increases, materials can become more reactive and\/or efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n A simple thought experiment shows why nanoparticles have phenomenally high surface areas. A solid cube of a material 1 cm on a side has 6 square centimeters of surface area, about equal to one side of half a stick of gum. But if that volume of 1 cubic centimeter were filled with cubes 1 mm on a side, that would be 1,000 millimeter-sized cubes (10 x 10 x 10), each one of which has a surface area of 6 square millimeters, for a total surface area of 60 square centimeters\u2014slightly larger than a credit card. When the 1 cubic centimeter is filled with micrometer-sized cubes\u2014a trillion (1012) of them, each with a surface area of 6 square micrometers\u2014the total surface area amounts to 6 square meters, or somewhat smaller than the footprint of a small car. And when that single cubic centimeter of volume is filled with 1-nanometer-sized cubes\u20141021 of them, each with an area of 6 square nanometers\u2014their total surface area comes to 6,000 square meters. In other words, a single cubic centimeter of cubic nanoparticles has a total surface area that is even bigger than the area of a football field!<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/pureti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/nanotecnologia-relacion.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\nWHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY? ORIGINS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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NANO: THE SCALE ON WHICH QUANTUM EFFECTS DOMINATE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
HOW DOES SOMETHING SO SMALL HAVE SUCH A LARGE AREA-VOLUME RATIO?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/pureti.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-02-21-a-las-13.16.25.png\")
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